Good morning, everyone! ABC is my name, and I’d like to thank everyone for being here this morning. I have been approached to introduce and examine a vital well-being subject. The present point is toxemia, which is a serious possibly hazardous inconvenience during pregnancy and is connected to hypertension. If everyone agrees, I would like to tell you all a personal story before we get started.
When I found out I was pregnant, I was thrilled because this would be my first child. Due to my previous history of multiple miscarriages, my pregnancy was already regarded as high-risk, so it goes without saying that, despite my excitement, I also felt some fear. I was seen in the high-risk clinic for monitoring because of my past, which made me feel at ease. Early in my pregnancy, I had an ultrasound to see if there were any abnormalities. I was scared that I was going to miscarry again when I began to bleed heavily, including clots, after my first ultrasound. After a second one, I was told that everything looked good and that I didn’t know why I was bleeding. I didn’t care; I was just glad my baby was okay. Following two months of steady draining halted, my circulatory strain began to rise. I was put on hypertensives and began having arrangements consistently.
I did a 24-hour pee get two times and no protein was in my pee which was something to be thankful for yet I began to see I couldn’t breathe on the off chance that I laid level and needed to set up on 2-3 cushions, my face and lips turned out to be exceptionally enlarged and I was progressively worn out I even began having dreams that I conveyed my child yet didn’t be able to see her since I passed on. I told my doctor about my symptoms on a regular basis, and he told me that because I was pregnant, swelling and feeling like I couldn’t breathe were normal. I trusted him because he had the degree. Fast forward to my 28th week, when I had an appointment and my doctor put the doppler on my stomach. His expression was worrying, so he started tapping my stomach and moving the Doppler around. After a few minutes, he said, with a sigh of relief, “Aww there she go.” When I asked if everything was okay, he said that she was just sleeping. When I asked, “But your heart beats in your sleep why were you having trouble hearing her heartbeat?” I had a plan of care before I left, including an ultrasound the following week and admission for monitoring if my blood pressure was still high. I never got to the following week. After two days, I felt bad because I had no idea how to explain it. I was taken to the emergency department by my brother and sister-in-law, who then transferred me to labor and delivery. The on-call OB stopped by and said hello, I heard about you; You were in the clinic the other day, and she said we were talking about you. We usually talk about difficult cases, so I was like, what? I had been assured that everything was fine all along. In the wake of being conceded for perception my oxygen levels dropped low and the fetal screen showed trouble I was unable to inhale, and the oxygen put on me felt like it was more frightful than supportive by then. The c-section that was planned by two doctors turned into a crash c-section. While the surgeons were removing my daughter, I was flattened on the table so that my heart could be defibrillated.
HIM FPX 4610 Assessment 6 Health Topic Presentation
She was born 29 weeks, 4 days ago with an APGAR score of 0 and no signs of life. My heart was restarted, and I went into a coma for four days. My daughter’s APGAR score increased to a 5 after 10 minutes, and she was rushed to the NICU fighting for her life with less than 2 pounds, while I was fighting for mine in the SICU (surgical intensive care unit). She was born with a traumatic brain injury (TBI), has a global developmental delay, complex medical needs, AUTISM, cortical vision impairment, and is nonverbal twelve years later. Quick version, these are the impacts of toxemia and I encourage every person encountering any side effects that doesn’t feel right to advocate for you as well as your unborn child. I have to say that this experience is the reason I became a nurse, and I think my child will experience some amazing things. It won’t be easy, but nothing is impossible. Let’s begin our presentation now.
What Causes Preeclampsia?
Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by high blood pressure, occasionally accompanied by fluid retention and proteinuria (urination containing protein). Due to a problem with the blood vessels, the placenta is not developing properly in this condition.
Etiology
The condition begins in the organ that feeds the fetus, the placenta. There is a problem with how the blood moves through the placenta. This condition otherwise called blood poisoning generally starts following 20 weeks of pregnancy and can be lethal for both mother and Hatchling (child) whenever left untreated.
Signs & Symptoms
Signs and side effects that ought to be checked for include: severe headaches, changes in vision (blurry, temporary loss, and light sensitivity), SOB (shortness of breath), right side abdominal pain, swelling in hands and feet (edema), and nausea and vomiting are all symptoms of high blood pressure (HTN). The three most common signs are proteinuria, high blood pressure, and hand and foot swelling. The diagnosis of preeclampsia will be made by a doctor if these symptoms are present. Frequently there are no side effects so any progressions during pregnancy ought to be instantly answered to the supplier.
Risk Factors
It is possible to identify a potential risk of developing pre-eclampsia by being aware of the numerous risk factors for the condition. Some of these factors are the utilization of in vitro preparation, stoutness, more established maternal age, immune system issues, for example, lupus, kidney sickness, type 1 or 2 diabetes present before pregnancy, constant hypertension (HTN), conveying products, toxemia in a past pregnancy, and a family background of the condition. ” A woman who has preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy is seven times more likely to develop preeclampsia in a subsequent pregnancy, despite the fact that preeclampsia typically occurs in first pregnancies.
Complications
The mother may experience the following serious complications from preeclampsia: cardiovascular illness, aspiratory edema, intense renal disappointment which might require dialysis, eclampsia (seizures) HELLP disorder regardless of liver harm, placental suddenness, retinal separation, stroke, respiratory misery, and demise. Pregnancy-related liver and blood clotting disorders are known as HELLP syndrome. Otherwise called hemolysis, it is intriguing, hazardous, and requires dire clinical consideration. Mortality can be reduced by making a timely diagnosis. According to van Lieshout (2019), the mortality rate for women with HELLP syndrome ranges from 0 to 24%, with a perinatal death rate of up to 37%. HIM FPX 4610 Assessment 6 Health Topic Presentation
Preterm birth (before 37 weeks), fetal growth restriction, and death are all examples of fetal complications. There can also be long-term effects like neurological deficit, cerebral palsy, and cardiovascular disease.
Diagnosis
Preeclampsia is diagnosed when high blood pressure occurs at or after 20 weeks of pregnancy and is accompanied by at least one other factor, such as proteinuria, low platelet count, elevated liver enzymes, pulmonary edema, changes in vision, new onset of headaches that do not respond to medication or indications of kidney problems. At each prenatal appointment, your blood pressure will be closely watched. Standard side effects of pregnancy like migraines, Wail, and weight gain/expansion can make the condition go misdiagnosed.
Tests
Preeclampsia screening is critical for early detection and diagnosis so that the mother can be monitored and her condition managed. A biophysical profile is performed to measure the baby’s breathing, muscle tone, movement, and volume of amniotic fluid. Other tests include ultrasound (to monitor fetal growth), urine analysis and blood tests (CBC), and a non-stress test (to monitor the baby’s heart rate while it moves).
Treatment
The baby’s safe delivery or management of the condition until the baby can be safely delivered are the primary treatments. The severity of the condition will determine whether the baby is delivered, and vital signs will continue to be closely monitored. The mother may be admitted to the hospital for close monitoring of complications in severe cases. Antihypertensive medications are used to lower blood pressure in severe preeclampsia, anticonvulsants like magnesium sulfate are used to prevent seizures, and corticosteroids are used to aid in the development of the baby’s lungs. According to Leeman (2016), the American College of Obstetricians recommends that healthcare providers closely monitor pregnant women with high blood pressure or preeclampsia for 72 hours following delivery, whether at home or in the hospital. HIM FPX 4610 Assessment 6 Health Topic Presentation
Prevention
After 12 weeks of pregnancy, if one or more moderate or high-risk factors are present, a healthcare provider may recommend a low dose of aspirin. Before using any over-the-counter medications for yourself, it is essential to discuss the matter with your doctor. “The use of low-dose aspirin is the best clinical evidence for the prevention of pre-eclampsia” (JAMA, 2021).
Prognosis
It can be treated and managed to keep the mother and baby safe and healthy if it is detected early. Attend all appointments and inform the provider of any changes or gut feelings of impending doom that may occur during pregnancy. Case fatality rates for preeclampsia in African American women are three times higher than those for white women (73.5 vs. 27.4 per 100,000 cases). African American women are three times more likely than white women to die from preeclampsia due to higher prevalence and case fatality rates. Poor outcomes associated with preeclampsia in African American women may be influenced by disparities in access to adequate prenatal care, according to Henderson (2017).
Support
“Preterm birth is a live birth that occurs before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. Approximately 15 million babies are born preterm annually worldwide, indicating a global preterm birth rate of about 11%” (Walani, 2020).
Seeking support for high-risk pregnant women would be a great way to gain knowledge, encouragement, and support from other women with similar circumstances in a safe space where feelings can be expressed. There are many nonprofit organizations that offer support, provide education, and is bringing public awareness to this condition and other pregnancy-related conditions. Highlighted here are two organizations that advocate for the health of moms and babies, whose mission is to reduce maternal and infant illness/death.
1) Preeclampsia Foundation- can be contacted at www.preeclampsia.org.
2) March of Dimes Organization can be contacted at 888-MODIMES (888-663-4637)
Conclusion
Toxemia is a confusion of pregnancy a few signs as well as side effects incorporate hypertension, elevated degrees of protein in the pee demonstrating kidney harm, and different indications of organ harm. It is essential to disclose any changes during pregnancy to healthcare providers in order to monitor this serious condition. In the event that passed on untreated, there can be serious confusion to the mother and child including demise. HIM FPX 4610 Assessment 6 Health Topic Presentation
References
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC554027
Henderson JT, Thompson JH, Burda BU, Cantor A, Beil T, Whitlock EP. Screening for Preeclampsia: A Systemic Evidence Review
for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Evidence synthesis no. 148. AHRQ publication no. 14-05211-EF-1.
Rockville, Md.: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2017.
Leeman L., Dresang L.T., & Fontaine P. (2016). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. American Family Physician, 93(2), 121-127.
retrieved November 15, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26926408.
Mendola P., Mumford S. L., Mannisto T. I., Holston A., Reddy U. M., & Laughon S. K. (2015). Controlled direct effects of
pre-eclampsia on neonatal health after accounting for mediation by preterm birth. Epidemiology, 26(1), 17-26.
Retrieved January 4, 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25437315 [In-text citation]
Screening for Preeclampsia: Recommendation Statement (2018). https://www.aafp.org
Van Lieshout LCEW, Koek GH, Spaanderman MA, van Runnard Heimel PJ. Placenta derived
factors involved in the pathogenesis of the liver in the syndrome of haemolysis,
elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP): A review. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2019
Walani SR. Global burden of preterm birth. Int J Gynaecol Obset. 2020 Jul; 150(1): 31-33. https://doi.10.1002/ijgo.13195.
What are the risks of pre-eclampsia & eclampsia to the fetus? (2017). https://www.nichd.nih.gov
Who is at risk of pre-eclampsia? (2022). https://www.nichd.nih.gov
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, et al. Aspirin use to prevent preeclampsia and related morbidity and mortality: US Preventive
Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021; https://doi:10. 1001/jama.2021.14781
