Applying Research Skills
NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2 Applying Research Skills
The Socratic method, often known as the Socratic approach, is a powerful tool for encouraging and honing critical thinking. When using the Socratic Method, one person will ask a question and then ask follow-up questions based on their responses. In this assessment, the topic of discussion is “Medical errors” in healthcare organizations, how ethics are involved, and these problems can be solved.
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Academic Peer-Reviewed Articles, Journals, and Books
Rodziewicz, T. L., Houseman, B., & Hipskind, J. E. (2022). Medical error reduction and prevention. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499956/.
In this book, the author has mentioned various types of medical errors. The Joint Commissions Patient Safety Goals have been mentioned. The authors have highlighted that all healthcare professionals (nurses, pharmacists, and doctors) must recognize the difficulties associated with their work and the potential for human mistakes. As a result of reducing medical errors, patient safety may increase when open dialogue is encouraged.
No matter how skilled, every healthcare provider should be encouraged to offer peer support to colleagues after an unpleasant occurrence. If a medical mistake or near-miss occurs, it must be notified. Whenever there is a significant shift in a patient’s state, the first people to notice it are the healthcare professionals caring for them. Errors can be reduced with the help of a cultural approach that emphasizes individual responsibility and leads to sustained increases in reporting.
Ahmed, Z., Saada, M., Jones, A. M., & Al-Hamid, A. M. (2019). Medical errors: Healthcare professionals’ perspective at a tertiary hospital in Kuwait. PloS one, 14(5), e0217023. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217023
The author has enlisted this article’s solutions and reasons for medical errors. Medical mistakes (ME) have been linked to adverse occurrences (AEs), higher expenses, and subpar care throughout the world’s healthcare systems. This study uncovered the most common hypothesized triggers for MEs and potential solutions to these problems. This cross-sectional study included open-ended and closed-ended survey questions, indicative of the quantitative research approach. Quantitative surveys were favored for this study due to their adaptability, allowing for multiple systems for participant recruitment and data collection using a wide range of resources. Participants believe that the problem of MEs may be reduced if healthcare facilities improved working conditions for staff by, for example, cutting back on the number of hours employees worked each week, rethinking the shift structure, and admitting fewer patients.
Miziara, I. D., & Miziara, C. S. M. G. (2022). Medical errors, medical negligence and defensive medicine: A narrative review. Clinics, 77, 100053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100053
NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2 Applying Research Skills
In this article, the authors have enlisted Journal papers on medical mistakes, malpractice, and defensive treatment after a comprehensive search query was conducted. The “person approach” and the “systems approach” to the causes of human errors need to be considered. Disobedience to established safety precautions, inadequate knowledge of medications and patient information, lack of appropriate equipment, time constraints, stress, and weariness all play a role in medical errors. These errors could lead to catastrophic consequences for patients. On the flip side, however, the possibility of legal repercussions might lead to the employment of defensive medical procedures that are both unethical and expensive. Furthermore, its use does not prohibit additional legal action. Therefore, the authors conclude that the most critical attitude to prevent medical responsibility is a decent and ethical medical practice with the proper use of technology, based on an understanding of scientific facts and ethical principles of medicine — for the benefit of patients.
Varkey, B. (2021). Principles of clinical ethics and their application to practice. Medical Principles and Practice, 30(1), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509119
Beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice are the four tenets upon which the authors build their arguments. Compassion, discernment, trustworthiness, honesty, and conscientiousness are the building blocks upon which the virtue of care rests. Caregiving professionals are distinguished by their empathy. It is argued that honesty, confidentiality, and the right to be left in the dark during the informed consent process all rest on a bedrock of autonomy. Additionally, a framework for settling disputes has been presented, mainly if competing ethical criteria are at play. Unless there is an apparent and direct contradiction between two or more of the four ethical principles, each principle must be adhered to at all times. When this occurs, the doctor must analyze the substance and context of the opposing prima facie obligations to determine which is more important to the patient.
Kiymaz, D., & Koç, Z. (2018). Identification of factors that affect the tendency towards and attitudes of emergency unit nurses to make medical errors. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(5-6), 1160-1169. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14148
Several things could be done to better protect patients from harm, including educating people about the prevalence of medical mistakes, providing training to reduce medication mistakes, creating unit-specific protocols for emergency care, and establishing a nonpunitive atmosphere in which nurses feel comfortable reporting mistakes. The overwhelming workload was cited by 91.2% of nurses as a cause of medical errors in the emergency department, 85.1% blamed a lack of nurses, and 75.4% blamed stress, fatigue, and burnout.
Resources Credibility
To determine the credibility of these resources, the CRAAP tool was used. The abbreviation CRAAP describes how current, credible, authoritative, accurate, and valuable a source of information is (Kilcrease, 2021). Evaluation questions are provided to assist you in assessing the data gathered. You may make more informed decisions when choosing sources if you have more information about your assignment’s requirements. Analyze the credibility, authenticity, objectivity, timeliness, and scope of the information sources. Furthermore, To be valid,
- The data must be accurate and current.
- One needs to make sure that the source is appropriate for your project.
- When doing research, be sure the author and publication are credible resources.
- It is essential that the author’s mentioned materials are accessible, understandable, and objective.
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Analysis of Peer-Reviewed Journals
In this annotated bibliography, the Journals used are StatPearl, PloS One, Clinics, Medical Principles and Practice, and Journal of Clinical Nursing. All these Journals are peer-reviewed and can be used to get information about various topics in no time. They all are free and can be accessed by any healthcare worker to get information about their desired topic. In this assessment, the issue of concern is “Medical errors”. The articles were chosen to highlight medical errors, their types, and how one can overcome them. It was also mentioned that studies were conducted to know what the nurses and healthcare workers feel about medical errors. The first book was chosen because it mentioned types of medical mistakes and the importance of taking responsibility for reducing them. The second article was selected because it presents an example of Kuwait and how a study was conducted to highlight medical errors and what solutions were proposed. The third article was chosen because it revolves around ethical concerns regarding medical errors. The fourth article was selected as it explains Prima Facie and how ethical concerns should be addressed with examples. The last article was chosen because it demonstrates that nurses should be efficient and consider all the aspects while addressing medical errors so that the hospital can generate revenues.
What was Learned from Annotated Bibliography?
NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2 Applying Research Skills
An annotated bibliography is a list of sources supplemented by evaluating each book listed. Including commentary lays the groundwork for future study by providing the reader or researcher with crucial background knowledge. Explaining the substance of your sources, evaluating their value, and communicating this information with others who may be less familiar with them are all signs that you have become an expert in your field of study. The list of the books and articles mentioned above is pretty self-explanatory. The surveys were conducted in a few of the articles mentioned above to let future researchers know where the healthcare professionals stand when they think about medical errors. The articles and books mentioned in this annotated bibliography are from 2018-2022. They ensure that the researchers can find all the information necessary to build one’s foundation about medical errors, solutions, and ethical principles. For example, the following points were learned from the above-annotated bibliography.
- Quantitative surveys, for instance, were found to be preferred because of their flexibility in accommodating various strategies for participant recruiting and data collecting by using multiple tools.
- Many factors contribute to medical mistakes, including disobedience to established safety measures, insufficient knowledge of medications and lack of patient information, lack of necessary equipment, time constraints, stress, and fatigue on the part of doctors.
- It is argued that honesty, confidentiality, and the right to be left in the dark during the informed consent process all rest on a bedrock of autonomy.
Conclusion
Medical errors are pretty common all over the world. They are of different types, such as wrong administration of drugs, wrong dosage, and wrong drips, and all these errors affect the patient tremendously. Medical errors should be addressed adequately, and the organization should provide a solution using the root cause analysis method. A unified decision should be taken, keeping in mind the ethics that revolve around medical errors. The articles and books mentioned in this annotated bibliography are what the researcher needs to move forward.
References
Ahmed, Z., Saada, M., Jones, A. M., & Al-Hamid, A. M. (2019). Medical errors: Healthcare professionals’ perspective at a tertiary hospital in Kuwait. PloS one, 14(5), e0217023. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217023
Kilcrease, B. (2021). 4. EVALUATING SOURCES WITH THE CRAAP TEST. In Falsehood and Fallacy (pp. 47-74). University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487588649-005
Kiymaz, D., & Koç, Z. (2018). Identification of factors that affect the tendency towards and attitudes of emergency unit nurses to make medical errors. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(5-6), 1160-1169. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14148
NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2 Applying Research Skills
Miziara, I. D., & Miziara, C. S. M. G. (2022). Medical errors, medical negligence and defensive medicine: A narrative review. Clinics, 77, 100053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100053
Rodziewicz, T. L., Houseman, B., & Hipskind, J. E. (2022). Medical error reduction and prevention. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499956/
.
Varkey, B. (2021). Principles of clinical ethics and their application to practice. Medical Principles and Practice, 30(1), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509119
