Assessment 1
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
In the assessment, the identification of the nursing curriculum was carried out which involved the nursing curriculum of the RN to BSN program of Cincinnati University. Cincinnati University is one of the most prestigious institutes that is responsible for nursing education at various levels including bachelor’s, master and Ph.D. The admission requirement at this university is a minimum CGPA of 2.5 to secure admission.
Mission of Curriculum
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
The curriculum for nursing develops the ability to critically thinking and it aims at advocating for the needs of patients and motivates nursing students to adopt evidence-based practices for patient care. It focuses on the development of strategies for improving healthcare and promotes a culture of respect and excellence (Curriculum, 2022).
Critique of curriculum
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
The curriculum of the selected nursing program contains nine courses making a total of 27 credit hours. These courses include all the content relevant to patient care and adopting best practices for improving outcomes in clinical settings. The content also includes the problems of vulnerable populations and addresses these issues. The course on using telehealth services has also been included in the curriculum which will help nursing students utilize technologically advanced tools to enhance patient safety. The curriculum is quite flexible and students can enroll in the program depending on their feasibility (RN to BSN Online Program, 2022).
Standards and Guidelines
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
Specific standards and guidelines have been set by the nursing college of the university that promotes patient care in a dynamic environment. These standards have established the principle of leadership for promoting collaboration among nursing educators and students. It has focused on the principle of equity and excellence in curriculum development. The framework of the curriculum is designed in a way that everyone gets the opportunity to avail of the nursing curriculum and any concept of disparity is discouraged. The university manual book has been designed in which all the standards and rules of the UC are mentioned and everyone is advised to follow these standards and guidelines (Diversity, Equity and Inclusive Excellence, 2022).
Learning Outcomes of Curriculum
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
The students will be able to develop the best understanding of nursing practices and pertinence to the standards set by ANA (American Nursing Association). They will know the importance of equity in healthcare and will be able to deliver equal healthcare to everyone. The standards set by CCNE will train the students to respect patient privacy when they do clinical practices. The ability for multi-disciplinary collaboration will also be developed in the nursing staff which will help them in healthcare practices. They will be able to assess the needs of the community and leadership qualities will also be developed in them (Curriculum, 2022).
Recommendation for Updating Curriculum
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
The curriculum at UC can be updated by the integration of content about ethical considerations in patient care, palliative care, and coordinated care approach in nursing practices. There is a need to integrate the approach and theory of the post-competency model which focuses on simulation learning. It elaborates on the use of machine-based learning and the concept of artificial intelligence in the nursing curriculum. This framework will update the curriculum and students will be able to learn more effectively by utilizing these tools (Seah et al., 2021).
Assessment 2
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
After the careful assessment of the nursing curriculum of the RN to BSN program, the faculty suggested the need for the addition of a course entitled “Reduction of Errors in Medication”. This assessment addressed the rationale for the selection of the course and factors that influence curriculum development.
Rationale for Course
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
The most important rationale behind the addition of this course is that medication errors are one of the biggest concerns in the healthcare industry of the United States. They cause harm not only to the patient but also financial damage to the healthcare. Medication errors have resulted in increased concerns about patient care, confidentiality, and the reputation of healthcare organizations (Tariq et al., 2020). In this situation, it is extremely important that nursing students be aware of the factors that lead to these errors and avoid them in clinical practices. This course will provide the best guidance on the prevention of medication errors and develop expertise in healthcare.
Outline of the Course
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
This course will cover all the aspects relevant to medication errors to overcome this dilemma and students will get a detailed insight into the following contents.
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
- Introduction and definition of medication errors
- Background on medication errors.
- The nature and kind of errors encountered in medication.
- Causative factors for medication errors.
- Interventions for prevention of errors.
- Outcomes of the strategies implemented for the reduction of errors.
- Promoting the concept of evidence-based practices in patient care.
The Relation of Content to Other Courses
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
This course has significant relevance to the courses which are already present in the curriculum. This course relates to the course of nursing informatics, the use of evidence-based practices, leadership and management qualities of a nurse, and addressing the health issues of a marginalized population. The inter-relationship among these courses will develop an understanding of best practices that are necessary for increased patient care.
Collaboration for Course Development
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
A multi-disciplinary collaboration will be adopted by the curriculum committee for the addition of the new course to the curriculum. It will involve the collaboration of students, nursing educators, informaticists, and financial administrators that will determine the possibility of course success and its implementation. This type of collaboration will help in designing a course that will be effective for every type of learner and will promote the concept of increased patient safety (Mutair et al., 2021).
Effect of Internal and External Factors on Curriculum Development
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
Internal factors are the factors relevant to the university such as the institute’s mission, philosophies, regulations, and financial structure of the organization. The external factors are those factors that influence curriculum development outside the framework of the institute. These factors include financial authorities, accreditation structures, community needs, and political influence. The extensive collaboration between both types of factors is necessary for the successful development of the curriculum (Faghihi et al., 2020). The collaboration of faculty members with external stakeholders such as finance funding members and accreditation members will occur. This mutual collaboration will result in designing the most effective content that meets all the standards and regulatory requirements and will be implemented successfully. The accreditation bodies ACEN and CCNE have the most important role of approval of nursing curriculum. After their approval changes are made to the curriculum and then the curriculum will be delivered for learning (Escrivá Gracia et al., 2019).
To sum up, this new course will prove a great asset in the nursing curriculum that will increase the understanding level of nurses on medication errors. However, the development of the curriculum is influenced by internal as well as external factors. But the collaboration between both types of factors will lead to the development of an effective curriculum for students learning that will guide them in the nursing profession.
Curriculum Evaluation
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
Curriculum evaluation is the most crucial part of the process of curriculum development. It determines the effectiveness of the curriculum and sets the parameters to determine the outcomes of the designed curriculum. The curriculum evaluation should be done in a cohesive manner and contents are monitored continuously to identify the areas of improvement where further changes are needed. Curriculum evaluation is the source of making reasonable changes in the courses that students are learning so that their achievements can be enhanced. The RN to BSN program at Cincinnati University is an online nursing program that needs an evaluation to update the content according to recent learning needs (Khan et al., 2019). There are three main types of curriculum evaluation which include formative, summative, and diagnostic evaluation. The formative evaluation is carried out during the developmental stages of the curriculum for making appropriate changes in the curriculum with time. It assesses the merits and demerits of the curriculum designed for RN to BSN program designed so that nursing students can learn efficiently. The summative evaluation is carried out after the curriculum is designed completely and the evaluation is carried out in the terms of the objectives of the nursing program. The diagnostic evaluation is carried out to determine the root cause of failure and deviation in academics (Schneiderhan et al., 2019).
Importance of Curriculum Evaluation
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
The curriculum evaluation is important to determine the effect of curriculum on students’ performance. It has a fundamental importance in finding the effectiveness of governmental policies in educational practices. It determines content status in the context of local as well as national standards. It measures the level of achievement of objectives in educational learning. It suggests the need for revisions in the curriculum if necessary. The evaluation determines the strong and weak points of implemented contents in the curriculum. It makes sure that the curriculum is effective and suitable for the promotion of student learning (Aul et al., 2021). To sum up, curriculum evaluation is important for:
- Determination of the outcomes and progress of the BSN to MSN online program at Cincinnati University.
- To take the decision that the curriculum designed is proceeded further or should be rejected.
- To make suitable changes and suggest revisions after identification of gaps in the curriculum.
- The addition of more relevant content in the curriculum can help nursing students develop expertise in the nursing profession.
- The main necessity of curriculum evaluation is the improvement of the teaching methodology and updating the instructional methodologies.
Importance of Curriculum Evaluation for Stakeholders
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
Curriculum evaluation is important for multiple stakeholders involved in the RN to BSN study program for nurses. It is important for nursing students as the curriculum contains all the courses that will guide nursing students to adopt the best clinical practices for patient care. The curriculum evaluation will reveal the practicality of the curriculum and its implementation in professional life and to what extent the curriculum can be implemented and used for the adoption of successful evidence-based practices (Asgari et al., 2019). Evaluation of the curriculum is also important for the faculty members of Cincinnati University as it will guide the teachers to adapt to the changes in their teaching methodologies to deliver the curriculum concisely and comprehensively.
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
The curriculum evaluation is equally important for the university administration as it is the responsibility of the university to deliver the best curriculum that meets the learning requirements of students so the university considers it mandatory to evaluate the curriculum time by time to track the validity and progress of designed curriculum in RN to BSN program at university. Curriculum evaluation is also important for accreditation bodies as it is the fundamental duty of these accreditation structures to make sure that the curriculum is meeting all the standards and meeting all the criteria. They evaluate it within the legislative framework and approve that the selected curriculum is perfect for inclusion in the study program of the students (Rajaguru et al., 2022).
Community is also linked with the evaluation of curriculum as curriculum includes all the courses that are designed for improving community health that include enhancing patient care, adopting evidence-based practices, addressing the issues of vulnerable populations, and using advanced tools to improve care. So, the curriculum evaluation will elaborate that it meets all the criteria that provide comprehensive knowledge on improving patient care and health (Wood, 2017).
Consequences When Evaluation is Not Performed
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
The evaluation of the curriculum provides an opportunity for nursing students to adopt the ability of clinical competency. As nursing students work in a dynamic environment characterized by the integration of curriculum and technology in clinical settings. So effective changes and revisions in the curriculum will provide the best knowledge and develop the competencies of skills. The lack of curriculum evaluation will result in inefficient training and guidance of nurses. The knowledge of students will not be updated and they will not be able to apply best clinical practices and patient care quality will also be affected. Besides students’ skills and patient care, it will also affect the university’s reputation. It will be considered that the university does not provide up-to-date knowledge about the nursing program and has not set any criterion for curriculum evaluation so the trust level of the community will also be reduced and concerns will arise about the performance of the university (Motefakker et al., 2022).
Criteria for Curriculum Evaluation
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
For the evaluation of the curriculum, several criteria are adopted which include context, process, currency, outcomes, effectiveness, sufficiency, and compliance. The criteria of context assure that the curriculum addresses the needs and problems of the population within a particular environment. In the current assessment, this criterion will assess that courses included in the curriculum as well as a new course suggested in the second assessment fulfills the learning needs of nursing students to tailor the healthcare requirements of the population. The second criterion is the evaluation of the process that monitors the activities planned in the curriculum which include practical activities and demonstrations, workshops, and learning modules in practical settings. The third criterion is the sufficiency of the curriculum for the students. This criterion determines that the nursing program is comprised of all the essential components which are vital for leadership and best clinical practices. The fourth evaluation element is the currency which determines the relevance of the nursing curriculum to the needs of the community (Ji et al., 2021).
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
Effectiveness is one of the main evaluation criteria which determines that the study curriculum fulfills the requirements in both social and professional life. The outcomes in terms of students’ achievements in academics and improved patient care are the most important factors that are linked to the evaluation criteria. The improved outcomes will show that the curriculum designed is effective and meets all the standards of an effective curriculum (Wei et al., 2021).
Importance of Criteria
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
Without the set standards and criteria, it will not be possible to evaluate and make judgments about the curriculum. All these criteria are important for tracking the progress level and outcomes in the nursing program. Without these criteria, it will not be possible to design a valid, practical, and effective curriculum (Khan et al., 2019). It will guide the administration and faculty to include every little important detail in the curriculum which is important for students to excel in the nursing profession. These criteria make sure that students are gaining adequate insight into the nursing curriculum and that they are performing well in the nursing program. The criteria guide the students to decide on whether a relevant course or program should be chosen or not. The criteria of evaluation not only guides the nursing student but also the institutes where revisions are needed and which content is outdated. The faculty also takes adequate guidance from these standards and criteria to consider the effectiveness of the nursing curriculum (Ji et al., 2021).
The criteria for curriculum evaluation guide the faculty members and administration of the university that the nursing curriculum can address the healthcare needs of the community. Thus, it can be concluded that without a certain criterion it is not possible to evaluate a curriculum. A nursing curriculum needs a proper evaluation as it is most important and relevant not only to learning but also providing healthcare services in the hospital setting. The evaluation criteria will be used for RN to BSN program at Cincinnati University which will help in making reasonable changes in the curriculum. These changes will assist nursing students in learning thoroughly and then applying the learned concepts in clinical settings (Themes, 2020).
Pilot Testing in Evaluation of Curriculum
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
Pilot testing is a test or evaluation of the curriculum on a small scale that provides information on the success and outcomes of the curriculum before its implementation on large scale. This kind of testing provides an opportunity for the institute administration to meet its goals and structure the curriculum content according to the requirements of students. It assists in the allocation of resources, the time required for curriculum implementation, and the skills needed for meeting the learning objectives. Thus, it helps in the development of prestigious educational curricula and programs and improves the skills in pedagogy as well. There are important components required for pilot testing of the curriculum. For the implementation of the designed course and already present curriculum, the pilot testing will be done at Cincinnati University. This testing will address the nursing students of RN to BSN program students (Dunkley et al., 2017). Without these components, the evaluation cannot be done on a pilot scale and they are as follow:
- A well-defined specific population size who are the main stakeholders in the curriculum development and evaluation. For example, in this current RN to BSN program, specific nursing students will be selected to assess the needs and validation accurately.
- Well-defined goals that clearly state the objectives of the adopted curriculum in the nursing program.
- A flow chart of the whole process and stages that will be involved in designing and implementing the curriculum.
- An instrument for measurement that will act as criteria for measuring the success level of the pilot project. It will measure the outcomes obtained after the implementation of the curriculum.
- The tools for obtaining data and using analysis tools to interpret the data in relevant context giving the results of tests.
The main procedure for pilot testing involves following the steps:
- The development of a draft will involve a thorough plan and steps to cover every aspect of the curriculum test. The goals are also mentioned in the plan.
- The second stage involves gathering sufficient resources, tools, and timeframe to conduct curriculum pilot testing.
- Then the curriculum is implemented and feedback from students is collected.
- The final stage is an interpretation of feedback and data to take decisions about whether the curriculum is feasible to implement on large scale or whether further changes are needed to make it successful.
Example of Pilot Testing
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
Dunkley et al, have reported a successful pilot testing of curriculum for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. They conducted two pilot testing cycles approximately 4 to 6 weeks before the implementation of the education curriculum. Volunteers and careers were included in the study. Three educators participated in delivering the curriculum which included a nurse, a specialist in diabetes, and a care assistant. Interviews and surveys were conducted to take feedback that how the curriculum supplemented their needs to improve their health and control diabetes. After taking useful suggestions and recommendations, then the curriculum proceeded to implementation on large scale (Dunkley et al., 2017).
Short-term and Long-term Curriculum Evaluation
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
For an effective evaluation of the curriculum, both short-term, as well as long-term evaluations, should be carried out. The short-term evaluation is carried out for a relatively shorter period and is usually carried out by taking feedback from students. The feedback and information collected from the students help in making required changes in the curriculum. While long-term evaluation is a more detailed and comprehensive process that is carried out for a longer span and special experts are recruited to do critical analysis. A special panel is comprised of nursing educators, healthcare professionals, and curriculum managers which will help in the identification of gaps and make changes after careful analysis (Aslan & Sağlam, 2017).
There are many types of evaluation based on the timeframe which include formative, summative, process, impact, and outcome evaluation. Formative evaluation is a type of short-term evaluation that evaluates the curriculum during its stages of implementation. The main advantage of it is that process carried out is recent, therefore, accurate changes can be implemented and there is sufficient time to improve the areas in students learning. However, making judgments before the completion of curriculum implementation is not right and has intrusive nature. Different techniques can be employed in this kind of learning. For example, teachers can conduct a ten-minute test to analyze the outcomes and progress of the curriculum. Most of the nursing institutes are using the standards practices of the Assessment Technology Institute which involves special tests each semester that helps in the identification of competencies and gaps in the curriculum (Schildkamp, 2020).
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
The summative evaluation is a kind of long-term evaluation that involves the collection of information, and relevant data at the end of the nursing program. It covers the whole process of curriculum implementation and evaluation from the start to the end. It involves the evaluation of initial objectives and then measures at the end to what extent those objectives have been met. It assures that all the processes have been implemented and the course curriculum is completed and provides the final results. This type of evaluation involves using different methods such as surveys, interviews, and pilot scale tests as well. As a result, critical analysis is performed and revisions are made if needed (Ismail et al., 2022).
Process evaluation is another kind of short-term evaluation in which activities of the curriculum and RN to BSN program are monitored and measured. It makes sure that the curriculum is delivered to a particular target population and that stakeholders involved in curriculum implementation are satisfied with the ongoing process. It also involves the evaluation of materials and resources allocated for evaluation and makes sure that these resources meet the requirements of the population (Mousavinasab et al., 2020).
Impact evaluation is a form of short-term evaluation comprising a span of six months which determines the immediate effect of the study program on the students. It monitors the alignment of objectives with curriculum development and immediately determines the impact of the curriculum after its implementation (Oermann, 2019). The outcome evaluation is a type of long-term evaluation that measures the long-term outcomes and impacts of the curriculum. It measures whether the objectives of the curriculum have been met or not and which factors have contributed to achieving the improved outcomes (Themes, 2017).
Process for Implementation of Evaluation
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
Both types of evaluation involve fundamental steps that carry out the complete process of evaluation and contain important steps that are as follow:
- Identification of the root cause of evaluation of curriculum.
- Identification of timeline for evaluation.
- Determination of when the evaluation has to be done.
- Selection of evaluators of the curriculum.
- Selection of framework and model adopted for evaluation.
- Collection of information and feedback after evaluation.
- Interpretation of the obtained results of evaluation.
- Costs and resources for evaluation.
- Reporting of results of the evaluation.
Evidence-based Concepts of Nursing Theories and Practices
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
The curriculum development at the Cinncinati University for RN to BSN program can be carried out more precisely through the integration of evidence-based theories, concepts, and practices. International institutions for nursing focus on the development of a curriculum that is based on evidence-based practices. The evidence-based concepts will help nursing students grasp best practices and implement them in clinical settings to improve healthcare outcomes. With the help of evidence-based concepts, nursing students will be able to identify a problem comprehensively, then find the best credible source of evidence-based practices. After finding the best practices they will implement them for patient care and will report the results of adopted practices.
Abu Baker et al., have reported the positive impacts of the integration of evidence-based practices and theories in the curriculum. EBP helps in minimizing the gaps and areas of uncertainty in the curriculum and education program of nursing. It is the main source of standardizing nursing clinical practices, improving the outcomes in patient care, and providing treatment at reasonable costs by reducing the extra charges. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has considered EBP a core component of the nursing curriculum. The Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) has elaborated on using evidence-based theories in the curriculum to develop professional competencies and skills in nursing students (Abu-Baker et al., 2021).
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
There are three main levels of introducing evidence-based practices and concepts in the nursing curriculum. The first level involves conducting clinical workshops and activities. The second level is characterized by didactics in the classroom aided by clinical activities. The third level is teaching in a stand-alone way (Horntvedt et al., 2018).
Different theories can be used in the implementation of evidence-based practices in the nursing curriculum. For example, Rogers’ theory of diffusion of innovation and cognitive theory in learning. Roger’s theory states that innovations and advancements should be introduced and the latest ideas should be integrated into evidence-based practices that are further incorporated into the nursing curriculum. It focuses on updating the nursing curriculum from time to time to equip the nursing program with advanced and accurate knowledge. The social cognitive theory focuses on the interaction between nursing students and nursing educators that develops a cognitive base to adopt best practices in clinical settings. The evidence-based practices will be integrated into the nursing curriculum of the RN to BSN program and will guide the nursing students to excel as experts in the healthcare profession and enhance outcomes in patient care (Ramis et al., 2019).
Accreditation Body for Curriculum
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
The accreditation in the nursing curriculum assures that content in the nursing program meets all the criteria and fulfills the requirement of nursing students. Accreditation aims at serving the role of quality assurance in education. It ensures that students select the most authentic institutes and nursing programs for education. Accreditated curricula and institutes have the opportunity to seek resources and funds from national and federal authorities. There are three main governing bodies for accreditation of nursing curriculum in the United States. The first one is Accrediting Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) and the second accreditation structure is Commission for Nursing Education Accreditation (CNEA). The third accreditation body in nursing curriculum is the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE). American Nursing Association (ANA) has also set standards for the evaluation of nursing curricula. These accreditation bodies make sure that all the standards and criteria have been met in the nursing program. They ensure that the curriculum of nursing is the latest and up-to-date. These accreditation bodies validate the nursing practices added to the curriculum and focus on adding evidence-based practices in nursing. The most appropriate accreditation body for RN to BSN programs is CCNE. Its mission is to provide guidelines on nursing education. It has set specific standards for bachelor’s and graduation in the nursing curriculum. The accreditation bodies make sure that the curriculum is meeting fulfilling and achieving the goals of the nursing institution. The National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses has set the criteria to secure admission to nursing programs (Themes, 2020).
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
Certain standards should be met as set by the accreditation body for the nursing program which is as follow:
- The mission of the institute and the effectiveness of the curriculum.
- Outcomes of curriculum and resources for the nursing curriculum.
- The services for students and their learning requirements.
- The plan for assessment of outcomes and progress in the curriculum.
- Qualification of faculty and leadership in academics.
- Criteria for admission and enrollment in the nursing program.
- Final policies and refunds for the nursing curriculum.
- Governance of the institute.
CCNE evaluates the content of the nursing curriculum and then approved it for implementation in the institute. Before admission to the nursing program RN to BSN at Cincinnati University, the student should check whether the selected program and curriculum are approved by CCNE. The evaluation of the curriculum carried out by CCNE results in the implementation and delivery of nursing content at a large scale. The CCNE can suggest fundamental revisions in the curriculum of nursing students and then those changes should be implemented. Otherwise, legal actions are taken against the organization.
CCNE has a direct role in determining the quality of curriculum and improving the quality to achieve better outcomes in education. It will make sure that the nursing curriculum has appropriate and valid content and faculty are using the right methodologies in pedagogy, and nursing institutes are making contributions in meeting the student’s needs (Themes, 2020).
Conclusion
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
Curriculum evaluation is the most important process in the development of a curriculum which guarantees the success of the curriculum. The evaluation provides a summary of standards and requirements that the designed courses at Cinncinati University are meeting. It will help the faculty members and university administration to monitor the outcomes of the nursing curriculum. Both long-term and short-term evaluations can be carried out in curriculum development and after its implementation. The accreditation bodies have a fundamental role in the evaluation of curriculum. CCNE has set national standards for the nursing curriculum and has contributed to the improvement of contents in nursing education.
NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
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NURS FPX 6107 Assessment 3 Curriculum Evaluation
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