Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development
Greetings everyone! This is me, Ariel. I thank you for giving me the opportunity to talk about the leading global health strategic planning and policy development.
Diabetes is a chronic disease that disturbs millions of people globally. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guesses that 463 million grown-ups (aged 20-79 years) have diabetes, which is predictable to increase to 578 million by 2030 (Saeedi et al., 2019). Diabetes is the main cause of early death, sightlessness, renal failure, heart attacks, and stroke. To address this growing health crisis, global health organizations, governments, and stakeholders are working on strategic planning and policy development to prevent and manage diabetes (Hendricks et al., 2023). Here are some examples of the initiatives:
The World Health Organization (WHO)
They have developed the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, including diabetes. The plan aims to decrease early demises from non-communicable illnesses by 25% by 2025 through cost-effective interventions and policies. The IDF launched the Diabetes and COVID-19 task force to provide guidance and resources for people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The task force advocates for equitable access to diabetes care and support for vulnerable populations (World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia, 2022).
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
CDC in the United States developed the National Diabetes Prevention Program, a way of life change program that aids individuals in great danger of type 2 diabetes to stop or delay the start of the disease. The European Union (EU) launched the European Diabetes Forum, which brings together stakeholders from academia, industry, and civil society to develop policies and strategies for diabetes prevention and management (Prevention, 2020).
The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
NHMRC in Australia developed the Australian National Diabetes Strategy 2016-2020. It outlines the country’s approach to reducing the impact of diabetes on individuals, families, and communities (Krass et al., 2023).
These initiatives reflect a growing awareness of the need for a comprehensive, multi-sectoral method for diabetes prevention and administration. By working together, global health stakeholders can develop policies and strategies that promote healthy lifestyles, improve access to quality care, and reduce the burden of diabetes on individuals and communities (Curran et al., 2023).
The Rationale to Present Culturally Sensitive Strategies and Potential Policies
I chose to present strategies and potential policies related to the global health issue of diabetes to the National Association of School Nurses (NASN). I pursued this option because school nurses play a critical role in managing and preventing diabetes in schools. As a result, their organization would be interested in hearing about new strategies and policies to address this health issue (Bergren, 2022).
To prepare for the presentation, I conducted extensive research on diabetes, including its causes, prevalence, and impact on individuals and communities. I also researched current policies and initiatives to manage and prevent diabetes globally. To ensure that my strategies and policies were culturally sensitive, I consulted with experts in diabetes management from diverse backgrounds, including healthcare professionals and community leaders. I also considered the cultural and social contexts in which the disease manifests and tailored my recommendations to be inclusive and equitable (Largent, 2021).
I used various resources, including peer-reviewed research articles, policy documents, and advice from reputable administrations such as the World Health Organization and American Diabetes Association. To tailor my message to the audience, I researched NASN’s mission, goals, and values and considered their specific role in managing and preventing diabetes in schools. I also surveyed school nurses to understand their perspectives, needs, and challenges related to diabetes management (Largent, 2021).
My global health issue was relevant to the audience because school nurses are often the first point of contact for students with diabetes. They play a critical role in managing and preventing diabetes in schools. Moreover, diabetes is a growing health issue globally, and school settings are an important context for promoting health and preventing chronic diseases. My goals for the presentation were to inform and educate the audience about the current state of diabetes globally, provide evidence-based strategies and policies for diabetes prevention and management, and inspire action and collaboration to improve diabetes outcomes in schools and communities (Bergren, 2022).
Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects millions of people globally. Culturally sensitive strategies and policies are essential for effectively managing and preventing diabetes. Here are four potential strategies and policies that could be implemented:
Culturally Sensitive Education Programs
Educational programs tailored to different cultures can increase awareness and knowledge about diabetes prevention and management. These programs should consider cultural beliefs, practices, and dietary habits. They must ensure that the information is relevant and accessible (Brooks et al., 2019).
Community-Based Interventions
Community-based interventions, such as peer support groups, can effectively increase engagement in diabetes prevention and management. These programs should be culturally sensitive and leverage community leaders and influencers to promote healthy behaviors (Pamungkas & Chamroonsawasdi, 2019).
Affordable Access to Diabetes Medications and Supplies
Access to diabetes medicines and provisions is essential for managing the condition. Policies that promote affordable and accessible medication supplies. As it can help reduce the financial burden of diabetes management (Mohan et al., 2019).
Food Policy Changes
Policies that promote healthy eating habits can help prevent diabetes and support individuals with the condition. For example, policies that promote access to healthy, culturally relevant foods. It can reduce access to unhealthy foods. Also, it can make it easier for individuals to manage their diabetes and make healthier choices (Gruss et al., 2019).
Additional Information
Areas of preparation that could have been improved with additional information or knowledge include understanding the cultural factors affecting diabetes management. Further, in specific regions and gaining a deeper understanding of the cultural beliefs and practices that may affect diabetes management in different cultures (Gruss et al., 2019).
Sustainable Resources and Policy Development
The global health issue that I would like to address is diabetes, a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The incidence of diabetes is increasing rapidly and is a major reason for illness and death globally. In the US alone, about 34.2 million people are affected by diabetes, and the numbers are expected to rise in the coming years (Shah & Levy, 2021). My goal is to advocate for sustainable resources and policy development that can improve the outcomes related to diabetes. I am asking the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) to contribute to this cause by promoting policies that support diabetes prevention and management, including providing resources for diabetes education and awareness campaigns in schools.
The issue of diabetes is important to the audience (NASN) because school nurses play a critical role in managing diabetes in school-aged children. Diabetes can impact a student’s academic performance, and school nurses can help identify students at risk of developing diabetes or manage those who already have the condition. The global community also benefits from improved outcomes related to diabetes, as it is a significant contributor to the global disease burden. My plan is an appropriate approach to drive improved outcomes because it advocates for sustainable resources and policy development that can help prevent and manage diabetes effectively. Investing in diabetes prevention and management programs can recover the health and comfort of affected individuals and decrease healthcare costs (Bergren, 2022).
Working on the issue of diabetes can benefit the audience (NASN) by providing them with the knowledge and resources they need to manage diabetes effectively in schools. It can also enhance their professional development and improve their ability to serve the needs of students with diabetes. My proposal aligns with the mission and goals of NASN, which is to endorse the health and well-being of students and advance the school nursing profession. By advocating for sustainable resources and policy development that support diabetes prevention and management, we can improve the health outcomes of students and reduce healthcare costs (Largent, 2021).
Finally, my proposal aligns with the mission of NASN, which is to advance the quality of health services to improve all people’s health. By advocating for sustainable resources and policy development to improve diabetes outcomes, you can help advance the goal of providing quality health services to the community and promoting their overall success (Largent, 2021).
Sustainable Resources and Policy Development
Sustainable resources and policy development can help to address the root causes of diabetes, including poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, and limited access to healthcare. By promoting policies and investments that support healthy living and effective management of diabetes, we can improve outcomes and prevent complications. Sustainable resources like access to well food options, physical activity opportunities, and medical supplies and technology can significantly prevent and manage diabetes. Policy development can improve outcomes by implementing laws and regulations promoting healthy behaviors and providing affordable care and treatment.
Investing in sustainable resources and policy development aligns with the mission and goals of many nongovernmental organizations and government programs focused on improving global health. For instance, the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified non-communicable sicknesses, including diabetes, as a top priority for global health efforts. The WHO aims to decrease premature death from non-communicable illnesses by 25% by 2025 through various strategies, including promoting healthy lifestyles and improving access to quality healthcare (Santos et al., 2021). Similarly, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) is a nongovernmental organization committed to preventing and finding a cure for diabetes while improving people’s lives. The ADA advocates for policy changes that promote diabetes prevention, early detection, and management, such as increased funding for research, support for diabetes education programs, and coverage for diabetes-related healthcare services (Chung et al., 2020).
Additionally, government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid aim to provide affordable healthcare for all Americans, including those with chronic conditions like diabetes. By investing in sustainable resources and policy development, these programs can better achieve their goals and improve outcomes for individuals with diabetes. Overall, investing in sustainable resources and policy development is critical for addressing the global health issue of diabetes. By advocating for policies that support deterrence and organization, we can recover consequences and reduce the burden of diabetes on individuals, families, and communities (Galindo et al., 2021).
Investment in sustainable resources and policy development is crucial to improve outcomes related to diabetes. This investment can take various forms, such as creating awareness campaigns, providing education and training for health professionals, improving access to diabetes care, and supporting research into innovative treatment options. Sustainable resources such as healthy food, clean water, and proper sanitation are critical to reducing the incidence of diabetes. Inadequate access to healthy food and clean water has been related to an augmented danger of diabetes. As school nurses, you can advocate for healthier food choices and ensure students have access to safe drinking water (Mohan et al., 2019).
Policy development is another crucial aspect of tackling the diabetes epidemic. Policies can create the necessary framework for addressing diabetes by providing guidelines for diabetes prevention and management and supporting funding for research into innovative treatment options. As school nurses, you can advocate for policies that support diabetes education and prevention in schools and funding for research into new diabetes treatments. Working on the issue of diabetes will benefit the audience, especially the students you serve, by improving their health outcomes and reducing the long-term economic burden of diabetes on families and communities. By promoting diabetes education and prevention, you can also help reduce the stigma associated with diabetes and advance the excellence of life for individuals with this disorder (Curran et al., 2023). Some of the policies which are already being established in the USA and Mauritius are as follows
The National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP)
It was recognized in 2010 to discourse the growing diabetes epidemic in the US. The program promotes well lifestyle modifications such as systematic physical activity and a healthy diet and has successfully reduced the danger of emerging type 2 diabetes by 58% among members. The NDPP has helped to raise awareness about the importance of preventing type 2 diabetes and has encouraged individuals to take steps to improve their health. It has also been cost-effective, with studies showing that the program can save over $2,600 per person in medical expenses over three years (Ritchie et al., 2020).
The Affordable Care Act (ACA)
This legislation, passed in 2010, includes provisions to improve access to diabetes care and treatment for individuals with diabetes. The ACA needs health assurance plans to shield precautionary facilities, counting diabetes screening and education, at no additional cost to the patient. The law forbids assurance corporations from repudiating coverage or accusing higher payments to individuals with pre-existing circumstances, such as diabetes. The ACA has helped to improve access to diabetes care and treatment, particularly for low-income individuals who may have previously lacked insurance coverage. This has led to better health outcomes for people with diabetes, including improved blood sugar control and fewer diabetes-related complications (Chung et al., 2020).
The National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP)
The NDEP was established in 1997 to improve diabetes education and awareness among healthcare providers and the general public. The program provides resources and tools to help individuals with diabetes better manage their condition and prevent complications. The NDEP has helped to improve diabetes education and awareness, leading to better diabetes self-management and improved health outcomes. The program has also successfully reduced the rate of diabetes-related hospitalizations and amputations, which can be costly and debilitating for individuals with diabetes (Kirkman et al., 2019).
A National Service Framework for Diabetes (NSFD)
The NSFD is a strategy developed by Mauritius health authorities to advance the care and organization of people with diabetes. The framework aims to provide a consistent and coordinated approach to preventing, diagnosing, and treating diabetes nationwide. The framework typically includes guidelines on the best practices for diabetes care, including screening and testing, clinical management, education and support for patients and healthcare professionals, and preventing complications (Toofanee et al., 2022).
Sugar Tax
In 2019, Mauritius implemented a sugar tax on sugary drinks and snacks to discourage consumption and reduce the risk of diabetes and other non-communicable diseases. The positive effects of this policy include reduced sugar intake, improved public health, and increased revenue for the government (Grummon et al., 2019).
Diabetes Registry
In 2005, the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life in Mauritius established a Diabetes Registry to monitor and track diabetes prevalence and incidence rates, risk factors, and treatment outcomes. The positive effects of this policy include improved disease surveillance and management, better resource allocation, and increased research opportunities to better understand and address the diabetes epidemic in the country (Kusi-Ampofo, 2021).
In conclusion, I urge NASN to support the investment in sustainable resources and policy development to improve outcomes related to diabetes. By working together, we can help prevent and manage diabetes, reduce the stigma associated with diabetes, and promote better health and academic outcomes for all students.
Investment in Sustainable Resources and Policy Development
Investment in sustainable resources and policy development is a critical step in combating the issue of diabetes. It aligns with the nongovernmental organizations and government programs’ mission or goals. The primary goal of any organization or program is to endorse the fitness and well-being of the municipality, which cannot be achieved without addressing the issue of diabetes (Khan et al., 2020).
For instance, nongovernmental administrations like the American Diabetes Association and the International Diabetes Federation have operated to stop and remedy diabetes and advance all people’s lives. These organizations advocate for policy changes that promote diabetes prevention and management, such as increased access to healthy foods and physical activity programs. By investing in sustainable resources such as community gardens, green spaces, and public transportation systems, these organizations can help to promote healthier lifestyles and reduce the risk of diabetes (Nundoochan, 2020).
Similarly, government programs such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Diabetes Prevention Program are working to stop and manage diabetes by promoting healthy lifestyles and investing in sustainable resources. These programs provide resources and education to individuals and communities, helping them to make healthier choices and reduce their risk of developing diabetes. Additionally, by investing in sustainable resources such as green infrastructure and renewable energy, these programs can help reduce air pollution and other environmental factors contributing to diabetes. For instance, a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that lifestyle interventions, such as weight loss, physical activity, and nutritional changes, can avert or deferral the start of type 2 diabetes by up to 58% (Gong et al., 2019).
In Mauritius, the Ministry of Health and Wellness is a government program that aligns with the policy development for diabetes. Their mission is to ensure the provision of quality healthcare services to all residents of Mauritius. They have developed policies to prevent and control diabetes, such as the National Diabetes Policy and the National Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Strategic Plan. These policies outline strategies to increase awareness, improve screening and diagnosis, and provide comprehensive care for people with diabetes (Nundoochan, 2020).
A nongovernmental organization in Mauritius that aligns with the policy development for diabetes is the Diabetes Association of Mauritius. Their mission is to promote awareness of diabetes, support people living with diabetes, and advocate for policies that improve diabetes management. They have collaborated with the Ministry of Health and Wellness to develop and implement diabetes policies, such as the National Diabetes Screening Program and the National Diabetes Register. They also provide education and training to healthcare professionals and the public to improve diabetes anticipation and organization (Shanta & Biswas, 2021).
One of the key ways that we can address diabetes is through investment in sustainable resources. This means promoting healthy eating and physical activity, ensuring people access affordable and nutritious food options, and investing in green spaces to encourage physical activity. This investment in sustainable resources aligns perfectly with the mission of the National Association of School Nurses, which is to promote the health and wellness of our nation’s children. By investing in sustainable resources, we can help to create healthy environments that support the development and growth of our children and reduce the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes (Bergren, 2022).
In addition to investing in sustainable resources, policy development is also critical in addressing the issue of diabetes. This means working with government agencies and other stakeholders to develop policies that promote healthy living and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Investment in policy development also aligns perfectly with the mission of the National Association of School Nurses. As an organization that advocates for the health and well-being of children, you have a critical role in shaping policies that support healthy living and reduce the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes (Bergren, 2022).
In conclusion, I urge you to support investment in sustainable resources and policy development as a means of addressing the issue of diabetes. By doing so, you will be aligning your organization with the larger goals of improving the health and well-being of our nation’s children and contributing to a healthier, more sustainable future for all.
Experience in Presenting and Advocating for Sustainable Resources
The presentation on sustainable resources and policy development to improve diabetes outcomes went smoothly, and the audience was engaged. The visual aids and data presented were well received and helped convey the importance of the proposed solutions. The meeting enabled constructive dialogue, and the participants raised thought-provoking questions that led to productive discussions. One notable outcome of the presentation was that the relevant audience acknowledged the significance of implementing sustainable resources and policy development strategies for addressing diabetes. The key takeaways from the meeting included the importance of collaboration with various stakeholders, including policymakers, healthcare providers, and patients, for successful implementation. Another takeaway was that sustainable resources and policy development require long-term planning, funding, and commitment (Galindo et al., 2021).
Specific Ways to Improve Future Advocacy
If I had to give the presentation again, I would try to include more examples and case studies of the successful implementation of sustainable resources and policy development to improve diabetes outcomes. Advocating for the proposed plan or policy was challenging but rewarding. It was an opportunity to make a meaningful impact and contribute to solving a global health issue affecting millions worldwide. It was gratifying to see the positive response from the audience and the potential outcomes that could result from the proposed solutions (Galindo et al., 2021).
Summary of Key Takeaways and Outcomes
Diabetes is a major public health issue, with an estimated 463 million adults worldwide. In the United States, diabetes affects over 34 million people, or about 10.5% of the population (Saeedi et al., 2019). Problems related with diabetes comprise cardiovascular illness, nerve injury, kidney harm, vision loss, and amputations. It can also increase the risk of developing infections and other health problems. Managing diabetes typically involves a combination of medication, diet, exercise, and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels. Early detection and treatment are important for preventing complications and refining the excellence of life for those with the condition (Brooks et al., 2019).
Key Takeaways of a Presentation
- Diabetes is a chronic medical condition affecting how the body practices plasma sugar or glucose.
- There are two leading kinds of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes is typically identified in broods or young grown-ups and needs regular insulin injections. Type 2 diabetes is more shared in grown-ups and is often related to the way of life factors such as fatness, poor nourishment, and bodily inactivity.
- Diabetes can lead to health problems like heart illness, renal problems, nerve damage, and blindness.
- Managing diabetes involves controlling blood sugar levels through medication, diet, exercise, and regular monitoring.
- Prevention and early detection of diabetes are crucial to decreasing the risk of problems and refining the excellence of life for people with diabetes problem (Kerr & Glantz, 2020).
Outcomes of a Presentation
- Increased awareness and understanding of diabetes among the audience can improve the condition’s prevention, detection, and management (Nundoochan, 2020).
- Empower individuals with diabetes and their relatives to take an active role in their healthcare and make informed decisions about their treatment (Krass et al., 2023).
- Collaboration and networking among healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers, and community organizations to improve diabetes care, education, and research (Nundoochan, 2020).
- Advocacy for policies and resources that support diabetes prevention, detection, and management, such as admittance to affordable healthcare, hale and hearty food choices, and safe surroundings for mental action (Kirkman et al., 2019).
Moving Forward in Professional Practice
Moving forward in professional practice, the most important takeaways may include the need for healthcare professionals to stay informed on cutting-edge diabetes investigation, treatment options, and the finest practices for patient education and support. Additionally, there may be a need for increased collaboration among healthcare providers, as diabetes management often involves a team approach. Finally, healthcare providers may need to discourse healthcare inequalities and improve access to upkeep for populations at higher risk for diabetes (Brooks et al., 2019).
Conclusion
In conclusion, diabetes is a significant global health challenge that requires urgent attention from policymakers, health organizations, and other stakeholders. To effectively address this issue, comprehensive strategic planning, and policy development are needed to focus on preventing, detecting, and managing diabetes. Developing evidence-based policies that prioritize investment in public health education, community-based prevention programs, and affordable access to diabetes care is critical. Furthermore, the integration of technology and innovation in diabetes management, such as the use of telemedicine, can improve healthcare delivery, reduce healthcare costs, and increase patient engagement. A collaborative approach involving all stakeholders is necessary to combat the diabetes epidemic.
Thankyou so much for your attention!
References
Bergren, M. D. (2022). Shine a light on school nurses. The Journal of School Nursing, 38(4), 325–325.
https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405221099145
Brooks, L. A., Manias, E., & Bloomer, M. J. (2019). Culturally sensitive communication in healthcare: A concept analysis. Collegian, 26(3), 383–391.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2018.09.007
Chung, W. K., Erion, K., Florez, J. C., Hattersley, A. T., Hivert, M.-F., Lee, C. G., McCarthy, M. I., Nolan, J. J., Norris, J. M., Pearson, E. R., Philipson, L., McElvaine, A. T., Cefalu, W. T., Rich, S. S., & Franks, P. W. (2020). Precision medicine in diabetes: A consensus report from the american diabetes association (ADA) and the European association for the study of diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care, 43(7), 1617–1635.
https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0022
Curran, K., Piyasena, P., Congdon, N., Duke, L., Malanda, B., & Peto, T. (2023). Inclusion of diabetic retinopathy screening strategies in national-level diabetes care planning in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review. Health Research Policy and Systems, 21(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-022-00940-0
Galindo, R., Parkin, C. G., Aleppo, G., Carlson, A., Kruger, D., Levy, C., Umpierrez, G., & McGill, J. B. (2021). What’s wrong with this picture? A critical review of current cms coverage criteria for cgm. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics.
https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2021.0107
Gong, Q., Zhang, P., Wang, J., Ma, J., An, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, B., Feng, X., Li, H., Chen, X., Cheng, Y. J., Gregg, E. W., Hu, Y., Bennett, P. H., Li, G., Qian, X., Zhang, L., Hui, Y., He, S., & Wang, X. (2019). Morbidity and mortality after lifestyle intervention for people with impaired glucose tolerance: 30-year results of the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 7(6), 452–461.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30093-2
Grummon, A. H., Lockwood, B. B., Taubinsky, D., & Allcott, H. (2019). Designing better sugary drink taxes. Science, 365(6457), 989–990.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav5199
Gruss, S. M., Nhim, K., Gregg, E., Bell, M., Luman, E., & Albright, A. (2019). Public health approaches to type 2 diabetes prevention: The US National Diabetes Prevention program and beyond. Current Diabetes Reports, 19(9).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1200-z
Hendricks, L., Uwimana-Nicol, J., & Young, T. (2023). Decision makers perceptions and experiences of developing population-level interventions targeting risk factors for hypertension and diabetes in South Africa: A qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09135-x
Kerr, D., & Glantz, N. (2020). Diabetes, like COVID-19, is a wicked problem. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 8(11), 873–874.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30312-0
Khan, M. A., Hashim, M. J., King, J., Govender, R. D., Mustafa, H., & Al Kaabi, J. (2020). Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes – Global burden of disease and forecasted trends. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 10(1).
https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.191028.001
Kirkman, M. S., Tuncer, D., & Brown, C. E. (2019). Findings from a national diabetes survey: highlighting progress and opportunities for diabetes prevention and care. Diabetes Spectrum, 32(3), 277–283.
https://doi.org/10.2337/ds18-0086
Krass, I., Carter, R., Mitchell, B., Mohebbi, M., Shih, S. T. F., Trinder, P., Versace, V. L., Wilson, F., & Mc Namara, K. P. (2023). Pharmacy diabetes screening trial (PDST): Outcomes of a national clustered RCT comparing three screening methods for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in community pharmacy. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 197, 110566.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110566
Kusi-Ampofo, O. (2021). Negotiating change: Ideas, institutions, and political actors in tobacco control policy making in Mauritius. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 46(3), 435–465.
https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-8893543
Largent, P. (2021). Advocacy for school nurses and student health and safety: Highlighting national and state efforts. NASN School Nurse, 1942602X2110191.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602×211019136
Mohan, V., Khunti, K., Chan, S. P., Filho, F. F., Tran, N. Q., Ramaiya, K., Joshi, S., Mithal, A., Mbaye, M. N., Nicodemus, N. A., Latt, T. S., Ji, L., Elebrashy, I. N., & Mbanya, J. C. (2019). Management of type 2 diabetes in developing countries: Balancing optimal glycaemic control and outcomes with affordability and accessibility to treatment. Diabetes Therapy, 11(1), 15–35.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-019-00733-9
Nundoochan, A. (2020). Improving public hospital efficiency and fiscal space implications: the case of Mauritius. International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01262-9
Pamungkas, R. A., & Chamroonsawasdi, K. (2019). HbA1c reduction and weight-loss outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based intervention trials among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-018-0708-0
Prevention, C. for D. C. and. (2020). Interim guidance for businesses and employers responding to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), May 2020. Pesquisa.bvsalud.org.
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/resource/pt/grc-743580
Ritchie, N. D., Baucom, K. J., & Sauder, K. A. (2020). Current perspectives on the impact of the national diabetes prevention program: Building on successes and overcoming challenges. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Volume 13, 2949–2957.
https://doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s218334
Saeedi, P., Petersohn, I., Salpea, P., Malanda, B., Karuranga, S., Unwin, N., Colagiuri, S., Guariguata, L., Motala, A. A., Ogurtsova, K., Shaw, J. E., Bright, D., & Williams, R. (2019). Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the international diabetes federation diabetes atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 157(157), 107843.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843
Santos, J. A., Tekle, D., Rosewarne, E., Flexner, N., Cobb, L., Al-Jawaldeh, A., Kim, W. J., Breda, J., Whiting, S., Campbell, N., Neal, B., Webster, J., & Trieu, K. (2021). A Systematic review of salt reduction initiatives around the world: A midterm evaluation of progress towards the 2025 global non-communicable diseases salt reduction target. Advances in Nutrition.
https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab008
Shah, N. A., & Levy, C. J. (2021). Emerging technologies for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes, 13(9), 713–724.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.13188
Shanta, F. F., & Biswas, D. (2021). Type-2 dm and its complication and relationship among the patients at rajshahi diabetes association general hospital: Socio-demographic characteristics. Randwick International of Social Science Journal, 2(4), 411–415.
https://doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v2i4.322
Toofanee, M. S. A., Dowlut, B. Sabeena., Balcou-Debussche, M., Debussche, X., Lahausse, V., & Nisa, L. (2022, May 1). A mobile application to empower diabetic patients enrolled in a therapeutic patient education programme in mauritius. IEEE Xplore.
https://doi.org/10.23919/IST-Africa56635.2022.9845523
World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia. (2022). Integrated care for tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity in Asian countries: health system challenges and opportunities. In apps.who.int. World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia.
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/360073