Composition Notice Non-Experimental Designs
Social media is still fairly new, and as time goes on, experimenters can gather data about how social media affects people. Studies are continually being published about how social media affects attention span. A correlational study conducted by Songul & Muslim (2021) discusses the logic behind council scholars’ smartphone use and their capability to concentrate in class. Another type of study conducted by Johnson et al.( 2019) looks at how ultramodern cultures can affect attention span. It’s a quasi-experimental study that looks at how frequently children spend in nature versus in the megacity.
Comparison
In the quasi-experimental study conducted by Johnson et al.( 2019), the purpose of the study was to test attention changes, pre- and post-exposure to nature. For the experimenters to assess the impact that exposure to nature has on the children, they used the Combined Attention Systems Test (CAST). From there, they used a between-subjects pre/post-test design where they could assess the children’s exogenous and endogenous attention performance (Johnson et al.). The experimenters designed this study for it to be broken up into two groups.
PSY 452 Topic 3 Article Critique Non-Experimental Designs
The first group took 30- nanosecond walks out in nature, and the other group took 30- nanosecond walks in the megacity. Previous to share in the study, the actors demanded to fill out a Connectedness to Nature Scale followed by CAST. The results of this study verified the experimenter’s thesis. The study set up those children who were exposed to nature showed slight advancements in endogenous attention. As for the civic group, they set up that their attention worsened after the walk. The other study conducted by Songul & Muslim (2021) also looks at attention span but from the standpoint of technology. The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship between the scholars’ logic behind using their phones and how frequently.
As compared to the other study, this study used a correlation check to determine scholars’ in-class smartphone operation. They used this check to tell if there are co-variations and situations between two or further variables (Songul & Muslim, 2021). The experimenters also used a descriptive model of data mining in order to reveal retired patterns. The results of this study showed that scholars substantially use their smartphones during class for extremities. Still, numerous scholars also stated that boring courses and specific stations towards the course and schoolteacher motivated them to look at their phones more constantly. Scholars also stated that they feel like their phones are a distraction in class.
Limitations
PSY 452 Topic 3 Article Critique Non-Experimental Designs
The first study conducted by Johnson et al.( 2019) had several limitations that could have told the study. The first limitation could be that group differences may be due to performance insecurity between attention tasks. There’s also a possibility that attention restoration could appear from specific locales within the response time distributions (Johnson et al., 2019). In addition, reversing the order of the tasks could affect the outgrowth, as well as the fact that the experimenters didn’t conduct a perceptivity analysis of the impact of model selection.
The alternate study conducted by Songul & Muslim (2021) also had limitations as it’s not allowed to conclude the unproductive relationship between phone operation and attention span. They also didn’t see if the scholars had anxiety to where they get anxious by not checking their phone, nor did they specify if the pupil had a family exigency where they demanded to stay “close” to their phone.
Sample Type
PSY 452 Topic 3 Article Critique Non-Experimental Designs
In the first study conducted by Johnson et al.( 2019), the actors were aged 8- 15 and were signed over a 1- time period. They got people through community bulletins, newsletters, paid announcements, and emails from families who had preliminarily shared in studies. The ninety actors who were signed were estimated to have an average Command of equal or lesser than 80, normal vision, and no history of psychiatric/ cerebral diseases (Johnson et al.).
They also made sure the children had no former severe head injuries. The alternate study conducted by Songul & Muslim (2021) comported of a sample of 577 scholars who were enrolled in the spring semester of the 2019- 2020 academic time. The experimenters determined the sample by using the snowball slice system. 13 scholars were reached first. Also, they were asked to shoot the check to their musketeers. In this study, there are 417 womanish scholars and 160 manly scholars.
References
Johnson, A.S., Snow, S., Lawrence, A.M., & Rainham, G.C. Daniel. ( 2019). Quasi Randomized trial of contact with nature and goods on attention in children. Front Psychol.
https//doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02652
Songul, K., & Muslim, A.( 2021). the disquisition of university scholars’ class smartphones operation with association rules. International Journal of Progressive Education 17( 2), 55-.
https//doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2020.332.4
